Wireless telegraphy.



' R. A. FESSENDEN. WIRELB3S TELEGRAPHY. APPLICATION FILED JAN. 9, 1907.

Patented June 8, 1909.

JNVINJ'OR.

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great importance,

' cumstances,

bility 40 artlcular gases. For example helium has REGINALD'A. rrssssnnu, or w snmerou'nisrmcr 0F cotUMBm.

museum.

Patented June s, 1900.

Applicatlon mumm -a, 1907. SQI'IAI'ND cameo.

To all itmay concem:

of which thefollowing. is a specification.

magnetic waves; and more producing such oscillations y use of Y discharges in gases or vapors. Its primary objects are to increase the efficiency of the generating means, as by keeping the potential and frequency constant, and otherwise.

Ihave illustrated the invention in the ac-- companying drawing which shows diagrammatically and in partial-section, an apparatus embodying the invention.

In generating oscillations b continuous currents, and usin a normal y insulating discharge gap, apphcant has discovered that the character of the normally insulating medium, especially when taken together with the pressure under which it is used, is of and that gases or vapors belonging to the group of elements which include argon, helium, krypton neon and others are particularly eflicient for the purpose in view. I have also found that these'gases work best when used in connection with electrodes formed of very thin conductors which are kept cool. The manner in which each gas should be used depends uponthe characterof the gas, its cost, the amount of ener which it is desired to radiateand other cirand these include the' adaptaof particular pressures to use with can found to work bat when under compression, when fairly large amounts of power are to be transmitted, while in transmitting smaller amounts of power the ordinary atmospheric" pressure is suflicient.

W'here still a smaller amount of power is to be'tra-nsmitted, a gas such as argon for example may .efliciently be used in a partial vacuum chamber. And the condition is further improved by the use of water cooled aluminum discharge gap terminals, or termnials consisting of shghtl oxidized sodium or sodium amalgam.

ure illustrating the invention I have shown a relatively small chamber 1 surrounded by v a water jacket 2, and inclosing the ends of Be it known that I, REGINALD A. Fessrm I DEN, citizen of the UnitedStates,and resiw dent of Washington, inthe District of 00- dumbia, have invented certain new' and :nseful Improvements in Wireless Telegraphy,

electrodes '3 and 4, which are adjustable in cool. In a chamber 6 is placed a capsule 7 containing a gas tobe used, which capsule 6o 5- mjay be ruptured at the proper time by socuring down the cap- 8 of the chamber 6. Y My invention relates generally to the art of generating high frequencyelectrical'oscil- 0 through .the'cock 12 into the chamber 1 lat1ons,-'such asused in signaling by electro- I articularly to i then the gas. will pass by way of thepipe containing the electrodes- The terminals 3, 4 are 110] ow and their inner ends are composed of very thin metal-as before described. "lhese are preferably 'rounded in formas shown in the drawing, and may be kept cool by circulating water through the pipes For regulating the pressure of the gas in chamber 1 I provide a liquid containing vessel 9 which may be attached to an airpump if desired, or may be used withthe other tank 10, the 'two connected by flexible pipe 11, to form by themselves an air pump.

Thus when the cooks 19 and'20 are opened and the tank 10 is raised the air will be driven out of tank 9; whereupon by closing cook 20 and openin cock 21 and lowering tank 10, the air will be drawn out of the chamber 1 preliminary to introducing gas therein from the chamber 6. The. pressure of the gas will depend u on the position of tank 10 which iscounter alanced by weight 22. This re ulator may of course also be used to withdraw'the gas itself if it should become necessary to open the chamber 1.

Connectedto the-terminals 3and 4, is an antenna 13 grounded at 14, and also con-' nected through the terminals is a circuit containing a source of continuous voltage 15, which may be a small number of (1.13 cells in case only a small power is require and also 16 a high resistance or'inductance or both. A condenser 17 and inductance 18 may also be used in circuitas shown. A magnet 23 may be used if desired to blow out the arc of the discharge gap. The ends of the terminals 3, 4 should be of thin metal and may be composed of silver or iridium or other alloys to good efiect in some cases.

. By a the above arrangement great reigrula'rity' and uniformity of intensity and quency can be obtained, and the. distance apart of the electrodes 3, 4, as well as the pressure of the, particular gas used may be re ulated empirically to get the best results.

xlaving ,tliusdescribed my invention and 11a illustrated its use, and what I claim as nc\ v ,and desire ,to secure by Letters Patent, is i the followings; i

. 1. Inapparatus for generating high he i 6 quency electric oscil1at1ons;a discharge gap 1 normally insulated by a medium consisting I 15- "osc'ill ations comprising a circuit containing i roundin normally insulating medium of g'ases o the helium and argon group of; elements. r l

- 2. In apparatus for generating hig -fre'- ofthe gases of the argon and helium up.

uenc electric oscillations, a spark gap inose in a vapor or gas of the argon and gulate the pressure of 'suchinclosing me? a source of voltage, a'capacity, an induct ance,=" and a sparkap enveloped b af'gas of the argon and he ium group of e ements.

'4. A discharge gap comprising terminals 1 "having means to keep th m cool and a sur- I 5. In means for enerating electro-mag- I netic waves, a disc arge gap comprising i ceases 'water cooled terminals havin' thin metal walls, and an inclosing normal y insulating medium' of gas under an appropriate critics, pressure, and means for regulating said pressure.

6. In means for netic' .iva'ves, a disciarfie glap, a chamber inclosing the up and lie with an inert gas of the 1:51am group of metals, and means for maintaining said gas at a critical pressure, substantially as described.

7. Means fpr generatin electromagnetic waves, comprising a spar gap with thin metal walls and means for coolingsaid walls, and. an inclosing chamber containin an insulating medium of gas at a critics pressure appro riate to t used, substantia ly as described.

Signed at Brant Rock in the county-of Plymouth and State of Massachusetts this 7th day of J anuar A. D. 1907.

' REGINA D A. FESSENDEN.

Witnesses: I

Jnssm 'E. BENT,

ADELEINE Wonnxna.

enerating elect-ro-muge power being a 

